"Toutuoling Scenic Area
[…] ancient Wanfu Temple on the top of Xiaomaoshan Hill. Not far from here, the mountain-road is flanked by dagobas of eminent monks, i.e. master monks of ancient Wanfu Temple were buried in these dagobas after death."
http://www.njyl.com/article/s/581094-321676-16.htm
"ONE-TEMPLE CAVES form another cave-site in Subei County. Only 2 caves remain in this site. Perhaps initially built during the Northern Dynasties (386-550 AD), these 2 caves contain wall paintings and donors' inscriptions of the Five Dynasties and Song. Visitors' inscriptions of the Republic period (1912-1949) can also be seen on the walls. It seems these 2 caves have been continually used for more one thousand years." Ning Qiang (1997-2000).
Buddhism of Bāmiyān
Meiji YAMADA 109 - 122. Pacific World Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, Third Series Number 4, Fall 2002, pp 109-122.
http://www.shin-ibs.edu/documents/pwj3-4/07YM4.pdf
Hidden Realms and Pure Abodes: Central Asian Buddhism as
Frontier Religion in the Literature of India, Nepal, and Tibet
Ronald M. DAVIDSON 153 - 182
Pacific World Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, Third Series Number 4, Fall 2002, pp 153-182.
http://www.shin-ibs.edu/documents/pwj3-4/08DV4.pdf
KUDARA, Kôgi. 2002. The Buddhist Culture of the Old Uigur Peoples. Pacific World Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, Third Series Number 4, Fall 2002, pp 183-195. [http://www.shin-ibs.edu/documents/pwj3-4/09KD4.pdf]
Chigi 智沮 Ch. Chih-i (538-597), Master of the T’ien-t’ai School. Born in Ching-chou 荊州 (Keishu) in Hunan Province (湖南省 Konansho, Hunansheng), he entered the priesthood at the age of eighteen. In 560, he went to Mt. Ta-su 大蘇山 (Daisozan) and met Hui-ssu 慧思 (Eji), under whose guidance he diligently practiced the Way and finally attained the ‘Dharma-Lotus Samadhi’ (Hokke-zanmai). Later he went to Mt. T’ien-t’ai in Chechiang Province (浙江省 Sekkosho, Zhejiangsheng), where he built a temple called Hsiu-ch’an 修禅 (Shuzen). By imperial order, he went to Chin-ling 金陵 (Kinryo) to give a series of lectures on the Lotus Sutra, the Benevolent King Prajnaparamita Sutra (Ninno-hannyakyo), the Perfection of Wisdom Discourse (Chidoron), etc. His lectures on the Lotus Sutra and his discourse on Mahayana meditation delivered at the Yu-ch’uan Temple 玉泉寺 (Gyokusenji) were later edited by his disciples, and became the fundamental texts of the T’ien-t’ai School.
http://shingondharmazazen.wordpress.com/2007/11/15/biographies-of-dharma-masters/
Chirei 知礼 Ch. Chih-li; Ssu-ming Chih-li 四明知礼 (Shimei Chirei); 960-1028; the seventeenth patriarch of the T’ien-t’ai school; the most distinguished T’ien-t’ai monk in the Sung dynasty, celebrated as the one who revived the T’ien-t’ai school. […] In 991 he was given the Ch’ien-fu Temple 乾符寺 (Kenfuji), where he taught students of T’ien-t’ai. Later, he moved to the Yen-ch’ing Temple 延慶寺 (Enkeiji) […]
http://shingondharmazazen.wordpress.com/2007/11/15/biographies-of-dharma-masters/
Dosen 道宣 Ch. Tao-hsuan (596-667); the founder of the Nanshan 南山 (Nanzan) sect of the Vinaya (Lu 律, Ritsu) school in China. He assisted Hsuan-tsang 玄弉 (Genjo) in translating volumes of precept texts and biographies of monks. As he lived in his earlier days at a temple on Mt. Chung-nan 終南 (Shunan), he was popularly called Precept Master Nan-shan 南山律師 (Nanzan Risshi) or Great Master Nan-shan 南山大師 (Nanzan Daishi).
http://shingondharmazazen.wordpress.com/2007/11/15/biographies-of-dharma-masters/
Eimin Enju 永明延寿 Ch. Yung-ming Yen-shou; 904-975 or 976; a Ch’an monk who flourished about the end of the Five Dynasties period (907-959); he advocated the joint practice of Ch’an meditation and nembutsu. […] He thus became the third patriarch in the line of Fa-yen 法眼 (Hogen) (885-958). […] First he lived on Mt. Hsueh-tou 雪竇 (Setcho), and later at Ling-yin Temple 霊隠寺 (Reiinji), and finally at Yung-ming Temple 永明寺 (Eiminji) on Mt. Nan-p’ing 南屏山 in Hang-chou.
http://shingondharmazazen.wordpress.com/2007/11/15/biographies-of-dharma-masters/
In 839, Ennin boarded a ship to return to Japan but, because of an unfavorable wind, he had to remain in China. He then went to Mt. Wu-t’ai 五台山 (Godaisan) in Shan-tung Province (山東省 Santosho, Shangdongsheng), the mountain which was held sacred because Manjusri, Samantabhadra, Avalokitesvara and Ksitigarbha were believed to dwell there. There he received Tendai scriptures and presumably learnt Fa-chao’s (法照 Hossho) Nembutsu Liturgy in Five Movements (Goe-hojisan 五会法事讃). After that he went to Ch’ang-an and, during his stay there for six years, learnt more of esoteric Buddhism. He returned home in 848
http://shingondharmazazen.wordpress.com/2007/11/15/biographies-of-dharma-masters/
Gangyo 元暁 W o|nhyo; an eminent Kegon scholar in Silla (Shiragi 新羅), Korea; 617-686. He went to China with I-hsiang* (義湘 Gisho) and received the teaching of Hosso from Hsuan-tsang (Genjo) and K’ui-chi (窺基 Kiki) and that of Kegon from Chih-yen (智儼 Chigon). While living at Huang-lung ssu* 皇龍寺 (Koryuji) in the capital of Silla, he lectured on Mahayana sutras.
http://shingondharmazazen.wordpress.com/2007/11/15/biographies-of-dharma-masters/
Genjo 玄奘 Ch. Hsuan-tsang (600 or 602-664); popularly known as Sanzo Hosshi 三蔵法師 (Tripitaka Master). Born in Honan Province (河南省 Kanansho, Henansheng) as the youngest of the four sons of Ch’en Hui 陳慧 (Chin E), he was exceptionally intelligent and an avid reader of classical literature. When he was eleven, he followed his brother Ch’ang-chieh 長捷 (Chosho) who was a Buddhist monk to the Ching-t’u Temple 浄土寺 (Jodoji) in Lo-yang to learn chanting and study sutras. In 614, when imperial permission for ordaining twenty-seven people was issued in Lo-yang, Hsuan-tsang, though still very young, impressed the examiner with his intelligence and so was able to receive ordination. He stayed at the Ching-t’u Temple and attended lectures on the Nirvana Sutra and the Mahayana-samgraha (Shodaijoron). On his brother’s advice, he left Lo-yang and went to Ch’ang-an where he stayed at the Chuang-yen Temple 荘厳寺 (Shogonji). […]
he visited eminent masters at various places before returning to Ch’ang-an in 623. Staying at the Ta-chueh Temple 大覚寺 (Daikakuji), he studied the Abhidharma-kosa (Kusharon) under Tao-yueh 道岳 (Dogaku) [… on his return from India he stayed at] the Hung-fu Temple 弘福寺 (Kofukuji) in Ch’ang-an, [where] he began preparations for translation of Buddhist texts.
http://shingondharmazazen.wordpress.com/2007/11/15/biographies-of-dharma-masters/
Hishaku 飛錫 Ch. Fei-hsi (8th century); a Zen master and a contemporary of Fa-chiao 法照; Fei-hsi first studied the Vinaya precepts and later practiced the T’ien-t’ai method of contemplating the Triple Truth in the One Mind. He often stayed at a temple on Mt. Chung-nan 終南山, and from 744 on, regularly practiced the Lotus samadhi at Ch’ang-an 長安 in spring and autumn every year.
http://shingondharmazazen.wordpress.com/2007/11/15/biographies-of-dharma-masters/
Hossho 法照 Chin. Fa-chao (8th century). Renowned as an incarnation of Shan-tao (go-Zendo 後善導), Fa-chao made a great contribution to the development of the nembutsu teaching. He first went to Mt. Lu, where he practiced meditation. One day, while in samadhi, he went to the Pure Land and saw a Chinese monk sitting beside Amida. Fa-chao was told that the monk was Chao-yuan 承遠 (Shoon) of Mt. Nan-yueh 南嶽 (Nangaku), a noted Pure Land master dedicated to the Pratyutpanna Samadhi (Hanju-zanmai). […] In 769, led by an inspiration, Fa-chao left Mt. Nan-yueh and went to Mt. Wu-t’ai 五台 where, in meditation, he received the nembutsu teaching from Manjusri and Samantabhadra. He built the Bamboo Forest Temple (竹林寺 Chikurinji) on Mt. Wu-t’ai to make it a center for the nembutsu samadhi.
http://shingondharmazazen.wordpress.com/2007/11/15/biographies-of-dharma-masters/
Jinshu 神秀 Shen-hsiu ( -706); a native of K’ai-feng 開封 (Kaifu), he first studied Confucianism; after becoming a monk, he visited various places to study Buddhism. At fifty, he became a disciple of Hung-jen 弘忍 (Konin), and six years later, the head of the assembly of 500 monks. After the master’s death, he continued his practice of Zen for more than 10 years, and then was appointed abbot of the Yu-ch’uan Temple 玉泉寺 (Gyokusenji) on Mt. Tang-yang 当陽山 (Toyozan) at Chiang-ling 江陵 (Koryo)in Hu-pei Province (湖北省 Kohokusho, Hubeisheng).
http://shingondharmazazen.wordpress.com/2007/11/15/biographies-of-dharma-masters/
Joyoji Eon 浄影寺慧遠 Chin. Hui-yuan of Ching-ying Temple; 523-592; born in Tun-huang, he began his study of Buddhism at an early age, […] Following the establishment of the Sui 隋 dynasty, he was invited to Ch’ang-an (Choan), where the Emperor Wen 文帝 (Buntei) built a temple for him, which was named Ching-ying ssu 浄影寺 (Joyoji). Since Hui-yuan was engaged in study and literary activity while living in that temple, he was known as Master Ching-ying 浄影法師 (Joyo hosshi).
http://shingondharmazazen.wordpress.com/2007/11/15/biographies-of-dharma-masters/
Appendix2
Traces of Zen Patriarchs - Zen Temples at a glance
http://books.google.com/books?id=JL8INOlLpfoC&pg=PA204
1. Shaolin (1st Patriarch Temple)
2. Erzu (2nd Patriarch Temple)
3. Sanzu (3rd Patriarch Temple)
4. Sizu (4th Patriarch Temple)
5. Wuzu (5th Patriarch Temple)
6. Nanhua (6th Patriarch Temple)
See also, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Buddhist_monasteries_in_China
North of the Yellow River, there stand many ancient Buddhist monasteries and pagodas. Many have actually been dated to the Liao dynasty, and among these the most famous are the Dajue Monastery 大觉寺, Jietai Monastery 戒台寺 and Tianning Monastery Pagoda 天宁寺塔 in Beijing; the Duobaofo Pagoda 多宝佛塔 in Liangxiang 良乡; the Northern Pagoda of the Yunju Monastery 云居寺北塔 in Fangshan 房山; the Daming Pagoda 大明塔 in Ningcheng county 宁城县 of Inner Mongolia; the Huayan Sutra Pagoda 华严经塔 in Wanbu 万部, Hohhot; the Pagoda at Guangji Monastery 广济寺塔 in Jinzhou 锦州, Liaoning; the Twin Pagodas of Chongxing Monastery 崇兴寺双塔 at Beizhen 北镇; the Southern Pagoda 南塔 in Chaoyang 朝阳; the Liao Pagoda at Nongan 农安辽塔 in Jilin; the Huayan Monastery 华严寺 and the Liao Pagoda of Jueshan Monastery 觉山寺 in Datong, Shanxi… the list goes on.
Some of these were first built in the Liao dynasty, others were rebuilt. All have remained standing for nearly a thousand years. But the most magnificent of them all must be the Daxiong Hall 大雄宝殿 in the Fengguo Monastery 奉国寺 at Yi county 义县 in Liaoning; the Guanyin Chamber 观音阁 in the Dule Monastery 独乐寺 in Ji county 蓟县, Tianjin; and the Sakyamuni Pagoda 释迦塔 in the Fogong Monastery 佛宫寺 in Ying county 应县, Shanxi.
http://s7.invisionfree.com/China_History_Forum/ar/t509.htm
Chaganian - San'at (2002a) (a principality to the south ot Samarkand)
The possession of Chiojan'n (the Chaganian of the Arabo-Persian authors) occupied the middle and upper course of Surkhan-darja and its capital is identified at the ruins Budrach, 6 km from Denau - Zejmal and Rtveladze (1999)
Denow, Tajikistan Page
Other names: Denau
World:Tajikistan:(( Kulyabskaya Oblast' ))
Lat 38.2667 Long 67.9000
http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TI/0/Denow.html
Shuman - San'at (2002a) - If we are to accept the identification of the capital of Holumo-Akharan with the ruins Uzbekontepe, which is 3 km away from Pakhtaabad in the district of Regar and has a thick early medieval layer, then the capital of the possession of Shuman'-Shuman (to the east of Akharan) must have been either the Hissar fortress or the ruins at Dushanbe - Zejmal and Rtveladze (1999)
Dushanbe, Tajikistan Page
World:Tajikistan:(( Kulyabskaya Oblast' ))
Lat 38.6461 Long 68.7692
http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TI/0/Dushanbe.html
Hisor, Tajikistan Page
Other names: Gissar,Staryy Gissar,Khisor
World:Tajikistan:(( Kulyabskaya Oblast' ))
Lat 38.5247 Long 68.5514
http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TI/0/Hisor2.html
Khavamaran - San'at (2002a)
Kobadian - San'at (2002a)
"Works 'in the style of Gandhar art' found by [… A.N. Bernshtam - tmc] and remains of architecture with sculpture and painting in a number of sites or ancient settlements of the Chui valley including Ak-Beshim, Krasnaya Rechka [Navekat - tmc], Karadjygach, Novopavlovka, Sokuluk, etc., helped indicate main contours of historical-cultural relationship of Tien-Shen, Eastern Turkestan and India since first centuries A.D. up to XII c. inclusive." - Goryacheva (n.d.)
Karadzhigach, Kyrgyzstan Page
Other names: Kara-Dzhegach
World:Kyrgyzstan
Lat 40.1333 Long 72.0833
http://www.fallingrain.com/world/KG/0/Karadzhigach.html
Karadzhigach, Kyrgyzstan Page - a more likely site
World:Kyrgyzstan
Lat 41.1333 Long 72.3833
http://www.fallingrain.com/world/KG/0/Karadzhigach3.html
Karadjygach - Goryacheva (n.d.)
Novopavlovka, Kyrgyzstan Page
World:Kyrgyzstan:Gorod Bishkek
Lat 42.8706 Long 74.4867
http://www.fallingrain.com/world/KG/1/Novopavlovka.html
Novopavlovka - Goryacheva (n.d.)
Sokuluk, Kyrgyzstan Page
Other names: Kaganovich,Novo-Troitskoye
World:Kyrgyzstan
Lat 42.8667 Long 74.3000
http://www.fallingrain.com/world/KG/0/Sokuluk.html
Sokuluk - Goryacheva (n.d.)
http://asihyd.ap.nic.in/buddhistsites.htm
http://www.bouddhadhamma.com/html/VISAKHAPATNAM%2520CIRCUIT.html
===
Src: http://www.numerals.de/Art/Pagodas/pagodas.html
The most important Buddhist monasteries of China are:
Beijing:
Dazhong Monastery 大鍾寺 (Song), famous for the huge, 46 tons heavy bronze bell
Fayuan Monastery 法院寺 (Tang), the oldest Buddhist temple of Beijing
Dule Monastery 獨樂寺 (Song) and other small complexes in Jixian County 薊縣
Shanghai:
Jing'an Monastery 靜安寺 (Song); the whole building complex was moved from its old place near Suzhou River some miles to the south. The library houses old Song time writings.
A square pagoda (Fangta 方塔) can be seen in the ruins of a monastery in Songjiang 松江.
Anhui Province:
among the monasteries of the Jiuhuashan Mountain 九華山 are two main complexes,
the Huacheng 花城寺 and
the Qiyuan 祈園寺 Monasteries from the Tang resp. Qing Dynasties.
Fujian Province:
the capital Fuzhou 福州 houses some monasteries, like the Baita Monastery 白塔寺 with a white pagoda (Tang), Hualin Monastery 華林寺 (Tang to Song), Yongquan Monastery 泳泉寺 (Song) on the Gushan Mountain 鼓山, 零源寺 Lingyuan Monastery on the Beifeng Mountain 北峰山, and the Luoxing Pagoda 羅星塔.
Longshan Monastery 龍山寺 in Anhai 安海 is famous for a 4 m tall wooden sculpture of a thousand arms Bodhisattva
the southern city of Xiamen 厦門 has a temple called Nan Putuo Monastery 南普陀寺 (Tang) housing the triad of Buddhas of the past, present and future.
Gansu Province:
the capital Lanzhou 蘭州 only possesses a white pagoda (Baita 白塔), but not far from here are the Binglingsi Grottoes 炳靈寺石窟
Maijishan Grottoes 麥積山石窟 are near the city Tianshui 天水
a Tibetian Lama monastery is near the city Labrang 拉卜楞 (chin. Xiahe 夏河)
near Zhangyi 張掖, we find the Matisi Grottoes 馬蹄寺石窟. The city itself is famous for Dafo Monastery 大佛寺 (Song) with the large, 30 m long reclining Buddha, and a timber pagoda (Muta 木塔)
Guangdong Province:
Kaiyuan Monastery 開元寺 in Chaozhou 潮州
the city of Foshan 佛山 can show a red octogonal pagoda called Renshouta 仁壽塔
the capital Guangzhou (Canton) 廣州 is known for the following monasteries: Guangxiao 光孝寺 (Jin) with two small iron pagodas, Liurong Monastery 六榕寺 (Sui to Tang) with the Huata Pagoda 華塔, Hualin Monastery 華林寺 with the hall of 500 Arhats. South of Guangzhou, we find the Zhenshan Baota Pagoda 真山寶塔 in Xinhui 新會, and a pagoda in Shunde 順德.
Hebei Province:
near the capital Shijiazhuang 石家莊 is Fuqing Monastery (Sui) in a wonderful landscape. Near Zhengding, we find the Longxing Monastery 隆興寺 (also Sui), and a Pilusi Monastery 毗盧寺.
Henan Province:
Kaifeng 開封 was Northern Song capital and therefore has to show many monasteries, like the Iron Pagoda (Tieta 鐵塔), the Fanta Pagoda 繁塔 (once 70 m tall), and Xiangguo Monastery 相國寺
Luoyang 洛陽, also capital for many dynasties, is known for three places of Buddhism: the Baima Monastery 白馬寺, China's first monastery, Fengxian Monastery 奉先寺 inside the Longmen Grottoes 龍門石窟, and the Shaolin Monastery 少林寺, known for the fighting technique of its monks
Hubei Province:
The capital Wuhan 武漢 is an industrial city, but we can find here some monasteries, like the Guiyuan Monastery 歸元寺 with a 500 Arhats Hall, Baotong Monastery 寶通寺 with the Xingfuta Pagoda 興福塔 and Hongshan Baota Pagoda 洪山寶塔 (all Song).
Hunan Province:
The capital Changsha 長沙 can show us Kaifu Monastery 開福寺 (Tang).
Jiangsu Province:
Tianning Monastery 天寧寺 (Tang) in Changzhou 常州.
The old city of Suzhou 蘇州 is not only famous for the gardens, but also for pagodas (Beisita 北寺塔, Shuangta 雙塔, Ruiguangta 瑞光塔) and monasteries (Hanshansi 寒山寺, Lingyansi 靈岩寺, Baoshengsi 保聖寺).
揚州 Yangzhou was once a rich city of merchandise and therefore has many pagodas and monasteries, among them Tianning 天寧寺 and Daming Monasteries 大明寺, and Wenfengta Pagoda 文奉塔 and a Stone Pagoda (Shita 石塔).
Jinshansi Monastery (Jin) 金山寺 in Zhenjiang 鎮江.
Shanxi Province:
Datong 大同 was once capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty and is crowned with many monasteries, like Shenhua 善化寺 and Huayan 華嚴寺 Monasteries. Near Datong are the famous Yungang Grottoes 雲岡石窟.
Guangsheng Monastery 廣勝寺 (Jin to Yuan) in the rather unknown town Hongdong 洪洞.
The capital Taiyuan 太原 houses the Double Pagoda (Shuangta 雙塔; Tang). Nearby are Longshan Grottoes 龍山石窟 (not the big famous Longshan!) and Tianlongshan 天龍山石窟 Grottoes.
Tianning Monastery 天寧寺 (Tang) on Guashan Mountain 卦山.
Xuanzhong Monastery 玄中寺 (Tang) near Jiaocheng 交城.
Wutaishan Mountain 五台山 is one of the sacred Buddhist mountains with many temples and pagodas.
Shandong Province:
Near the capital Jinan 濟南 is the Thousand Buddha Mountain Qianfoshan 千佛山 with the Xingguo Monastery 興國寺 (Tang).
Shaanxi Province:
Xi'an 西安 (former Chang'an 長安) was capital for many rulers and dynasties.
Other monasteries are: Qinglongsi ; near the city are Xingjiaosi 興,教寺, Huayansi 華嚴寺, Xiangjisi and Caotangsi Monasteries.
Yan'an 延安 is not only the city where the Communist Party leaders camped during the civil war, but is also known for a Song Dynasty pagoda Yananta 延安塔.
Sichuan Province:
The capital Chengdu 成都 is home for three monasteries: Dacisi 大慈寺 (Tang), Zhaojuesi 昭覺寺 (Tang), and Baoguangsi 寶光寺 (Jin).
Near the city of Dazu 大足, we find two places of Buddhist grottoes: the Beishan Grottoes 北山石窟, and the Baodingshan Grottoes 寶頂山石窟.
Probably the most famous Buddhist mountain is Emeishan 峨眉山 with many monasteries, statues and steles.
The huge stone Buddha statue (Dafo 大佛) of Leshan Mountain 樂山 was carved during the Tang Dynasty.
Yunnan Province:
Zhejiang Province:
The silk city of Hangzhou 杭州is home of some monasteries, like the Lingyinsi Monastery 靈隱寺 with the large Maitreya potbelly Buddha; further, the Song Dynasty Liuheta Pagoda 六和塔.
Ningbo 寧波 is home of Tianfengta Pagoda 天封塔 (Tang), and the monasteries Baoguosi 保國寺 (Song), Tiantongsi 天童寺 (Tang), and Ayuwang Monastery 阿育王寺.
The island Putuoshan 普陀山 is one of the sacred Buddhist mountains. The Bodhisattva Guanyin is the main object of reverence on this island.
Dashan Monstery 大善寺 (Song Dynasty) in Shaoxing 紹興.
The Tiantai school was founded in the monasteries of Mount Tiantai 天台山.
Autonomous Region of Tibet:
Palkhor Monastery (Chinese: Baijusi 白居寺) in Gyangze (Chinese: Jiangzi 江孜)
Yumbulhakhang Monasteriy (chin. Changzhusi 昌珠寺) in Zedang 澤當
Autonomous Region of Inner Mongolia:
Kundulun 昆都侖召 and Wudang Monasteries 五當召 (resembling the Potala) in Baotou 包頭
Wuta Monastery 五塔寺 and and Lama Temple Dazhao 大召 in Hohhot (chin. Huhehaote 呼和浩特). Nearby the White Pagoda (Baita 白塔) and the Huayan Pagoda 華嚴經塔.
Xuankong Si (Suspended or Hanging Monastery), Hunyuan County
Xuankong Monastery (悬空寺） is located five kilometers south of Hunyuan County, at the entrance to Hengshan, one of China’s five sacred mountains of Taoism. The monastery was founded in 491 during the NorthernWei period (386-584) and reconstructed from the Tang through to the Qing dynasties. Supported by tens of wooden posts, it lies a third of the way up a vertical cliff in Jinlong Xia (Golden Dragon Gorge).
In former times the monastery lay on the main route between Wutai Mountain, a famous Buddhist shrine, and Datong. It was a convenient resting place for passing pilgrims, and was also considered important in warding off the influence of the Golden Dragon, believed to cause flooding of the Yellow River, which flows below the cliff.
About 40 buildings remain on the cliff face and slopes, from 26 to 50 meters above the foot of the mountain. It is now a place where Buddhist, Taoist and Confucian temples co-exist.
http://bjtoday.ynet.com/article.jsp?oid=2705212&pageno=8
Hanging Temple(Xuankong Temple) is comprised of the Sanjiao Hall Wujiao Hall, Chunyang Palace,Sanguan Hall, Leiyin Hall, Shijia Hall, Qianshouguanyin Hall, Jialan Hall, Bell Tower, Drum Tower, Songziguanyin Hall, Dizangwangpusa Hall, Lord Guan Temple, Taiyi Hall, Sanfo Hall and other rooms for different uses.
http://www.absolutechinatours.com/Datong-attractions/Xuankong-Temple-3937.html
Foguang Si (Foguang Monastery),Wutaishan
The Main Hall of Foguang Si (佛光寺）, built in 857 in the Tang Dynasty, is the second oldest wooden structure known today (the nearby Nanchan Monastery is the oldest, built in 782, but the scale is much smaller). The enormous dougong (brackets) give the building an overwhelming dignity that is not found in later structures.
There stand two humble, life-sized statues in the main hall, one of a woman, Ning Gongyu, donor of the hall, and the other of Yuan Cheng, the abbot who rebuilt the temple after it was destroyed in 845. On the undersides of the beams are inscriptions written with brush and ink, listing the names of the civil and military officials of the district at the time of the completion of the Hall, and also that of the donor.
http://bjtoday.ynet.com/article.jsp?oid=2705212&pageno=8
The Hanshan Temple was built between 502 and 519 AD, located at 5km outside the Changmen City Gate of Suzhou, China. Between the late Yuan and late Qing Dynasties, the temple was heavily looted and seriously damaged five times, but it was then repaired and renovated.
http://www.absolutechinatours.com/Suzhou-attractions/Hanshan-Temple.html
Niushou Pagoda, Nanjing, China
(8th century, heavily restored)
Niushou Hill is about 5 or 10 miles south of the city of Nanjing and is surrounded by farmland. The name means Ox Head Hill. A temple was first built near the summit of this hill during the Liang dynasty, shortly after Buddhism was first introduced to China. Apparently, this temple (like many others constructed during this era) had several niche caves with Buddhist images in them. Some of these caves survive a few hundred yards away from the surviving pagoda. In either 766 or 774, during the Tang dynasty, a large temple complex was built here by the Monk Farong at the order of the Tang emperor, Daizong. This temple was historically important as Farong established his own sect of Buddhism here, called the Niutou (ox head) sect. This temple was called Hongjuesi and it included a seven-story pagoda. [… Also] There was a temple on this site up through the end of the Qing dynasty, but the Taiping Rebellion, the Japanese occupation, and the Cultural Revolution have all combined to remove all its traces.
http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/china/nanjing/niushou.php
Buddhism and Its Spread Along the Silk Road
http://www.silkroadfoundation.org/artl/buddhism.shtml
"We learn that by the 7th century all the small kingdoms of the Tarim region had been entirely won over to Buddhism, which brought with it so much of Indian culture that Sanskrit had become the religious language. As Buddhism advanced towards the Tarim basin, Kashgaria with Yarkand and Khotan in the west, Tumsuk, Aksu and Kizil in the north, Loulan, Karasahr and Dunhuang in the east, and Miran and Cherchen in the south became important centers of Buddhist art and thought. The Buddhist texts were translated from Sanskrit into various local Indo-European dialects such as Tocharian or Kuchean.
By 658 Kucha developed to be a leading center of Hinayana Buddhism and the paintings were found at the cave temples of Kizil (near Kucha) (Figure on the right: Goddess and Celestial Musician, Wall-painting at Kizil cave. 600-605 AD) dated from the 1st to 8th centuries. The early art form in the Tarim area were strongly Indo-Persian in style, but Persian elements were gradually overlaid by the Chinese in the 6th century after Tang's power dominated the Tarim basin.
It is impossible to make any general rules about the precise schools of Buddhism that flourished in the Tarim basin, but the early pilgrims who traveled there gave some clues. Fa-hsien and Xuan Zang appeared to indicate that most of the kingdoms such as Kashgar, Kizil, Karashahr and Kucha on the northern route followed the Hinayana Vehicle whereas Mahayana flourished along the southern route including the kingdoms of Khotan and Yarkand.
At the end of 10th century, a Chinese envoy, Wang Yen-te, found in Kaochang (near Turfan) a flourishing Buddhist culture with some fifty Buddhist convents and a library of Chinese Buddhists texts. Turfan remained the main center of Turkish Buddhism until the end of the 15th century when its ruler converted to Islam."
300s Buddhist settlements at Hadda, Afghanistan. Destroyed by the Hephthalites in 450.
450-750 Buddhist caves started in Kizil, Xinjiang
450-494 Yunkang cave temples
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Nan-hua Monastery at T'sao Chi (Cao-xi), Gauangdong Province.
http://www.dabase.org/hanshan2.htm
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MAP:
The spread of Buddhism in Sputheast Asia
Towns:
Ligor
Kedah
Palembang
Borobodur
http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/sb-map03.htm
Pattani is still called Pattani. While Ligor, which was previously called Tambralingga, is now called Nakhon Si Thammarat, which is the Thai rendition of Nagara Sri Dharmaraja, the new name given to it when it was first conquered by or submitted to Khmer Funan-Chenla hegemony.
http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=840812
Other important Mon centers were Ligor in Thailand (modern Nakhon Si Thammarat) and Thaton in lower Burma. Ligor was also known as Tambralinga.
There was an early Burmese kingdom called Linyang, capital Srikshetra, near today's Prome, whose likely dates are 670 to 830. It was peopled by Pyu, who were culturally influenced by the Mons. The Mons had control of the Irrawaddy delta and Thailand. In the 9th century they founded Pegu, near modern Yangon (Rangoon).
http://worldhistoryplus.com/1ce-899.html
"Inscriptions also indicated an expedition in 686 against Java and a Sanskrit inscription in Ligor shows that by 775 Sri Vijaya had a footing in northern Malaya, having conquered Kedah and a large part of the west coast. It mentions a king entitled Sri Maharaja, a descendant of the Sailendra family and described as the "destroyer of his enemies". The Sailendras, or Kings of the Mountain, were originally rulers of the Cambodian Funan Empire, who became kings of Middle Java and become famous as the builders of Borobudur. Their descendants were to rule not only Palembang but Kedah (known variously as Kataha, and Kadaram).
In the world of commerce, Sri Vijaya, now called Sanfo-ts'i by the Chinese and Zabag or Sribuza by the Arabs, rapidly rose to be a far-flung empire controlling the two passages between India and China, namely the Sunda Straits from Palembang and the Malacca Straits from Kedah. Arab accounts state that the empire of the Maharaja was so large that in two years the swiftest vessel could not travel round all its islands, which produced camphor, aloes, cloves, sandal-wood, nutmegs, cardamom and cubebs, ivory, gold and tin, making the Maharaja as rich as any king in the Indies. In 990 A.D. Java appears to have attacked Sri Vijaya, which asked for China's protection. In 1006 Sri Vijaya seems to have burnt the capital of its Javanese enemy and slain the king and many of his chiefs.
A year before that, Chulamanivarmadeva, described in inscriptions as "the king of Kataha (Kedah) and Srivishaya", built a Buddhist temple at Negapatam, which the Chola King Rajaraja I supported with the revenue of a large village. Sri Vijayan relics have been found in various parts of Kedah and Perak. Chinese maps put Sri Vijaya right in the middle of the Malay Peninsula. Even Portuguese histories of I5I2 tells how Kedah in the middle of the fifteenth century still claimed tribute from Perak, Manjong, Bemam, Selangor and Malacca, obviously as heir to "Kataha." For six hundred years or more Kedah became an important port of call for Chola-mandala (Coromandel)."
http://www.sabrizain.org/malaya/hindu.htm
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"Huayan Monastery is located in the southwestern part of Datong. These splendid ancient buildings were constructed of wood during the Liao Dynast more than nine hundred years ago. This "great monastery of the Liao Dynasty," as it was called, was almost completely destroyed in wars, but the remaining main hall is one of the largest Buddhist temples dating from the Liao and Kin dynasties (1,559 square meters). At the sides of the hall stand thirty-two Devarajas (Heacenly Guardians), and in the middle are three wooden Buddhist statues. Especially noteworthy is the hall of Boga Sect, which contains thirty-one fine statues sculptured in the Liao Dynasty."
http://www.china.org.cn/english/TCC/41689.htm
Benevolent Incarnation Monastery (Shanhuasi)
Located south of the Nine-Dragon Screen, Benevolent Incarnation Monastery was first built in A.D. 713-741 during the Tang Dynasty. Destroyed in war, it was rebuilt in A.D. 1128-1143 during the Kin Dynasty, although the Grand Hall was a structure left over from the Liao Dynasty.
http://www.china.org.cn/english/TCC/41689.htm
Taiyuansi, China Page
Other names: T'ai-yuan-ssu,T'ai-yüan-ssu
World:China:Hunan Sheng
Lat 27.0536 Long 112.4025
http://www.fallingrain.com/world/CH/11/Taiyuansi.html
http://www.southmountaintours.com/pages/trips/tour_desc_global.php?tour_id_no=ZN102710
[see also newsletters at the above adddress]
Andy Ferguson - andyfatsouthmountaintours.com
Oct 28: Arrive Shanghai
Oct 29: Morning visit to Bund. Jade Buddha Temple. Lunch. Coach to Ningbo. Overnight Ningbo.
Otc 30: Visit Tiantong, Ayuwang Temples. Dogen studied under Rujing at Tiantong Temple. Ayuwang Temple was the home of the cook Dogen met when he arrived in China. Overnight Ningbo.
Oct 31: Morning visit to Tian Yige Garden. Overland transport to Nanchang City. Overnight at Nanchang..
Nov 1: Morning coach to Baizhang Temple. This mountain monastery was the Dharma seat for Baizhang Huaihai (Hyakujo). It is the site where the koan "Baizhang's fox occurred, plus the place where the "pure precepts" for Chan monasteries was established. We will use this monastery as our base as we practice and explore other important sites in the area. Visit and practice at Baizhang. Overnight Baizhang.
Nov 2: Visit to Huangbo Temple. Huangbo, a towering figure in Chan history, wrote the historic text "Essentials of Mind." We will visit the new temple built on his ancient Dharma seat, plus visit his stupa. Overnight Baizhang
Nov 3: Visit Moshan and Dongshan. Moshan is perhaps the most famous of all women teachers in the Chan tradition. She taught on Mt. Jiufeng. Now a small nunnery and practice center exists where she once lived. After visiting Moshan's place we will visit the founding temple of the Caodong (Soto) Zen school on Mt. Dong. We'll also visit the Peng Ju Qiao (Meet it Bridge), the place where Dongshan gazed into the river, saw his reflection, and woke up. Overnight at Baizhang
Nov 4: Travel to visit Baofeng and Donglin Si. Baofeng is the site of Mazu Daoyi's principle Dharma seat. Here he expounded the famous doctrine that "Mind is Buddha," as well as its corollary, "No Mind, No Buddha." We then will proceed to the Fourth Chan Ancestor's temple (called Sizu). That place, where the "East Mountain School" of Chan was established, has great importance to Chinese Chan. We stay overnight at that monastery (Sizu).
Nov 5: Stay and practice at Sizu. Hike to visit nunnery on nearby mountain.
Nov: 6: Morning at Sizu. Afternoon trip to Fifth Ancestor's Temple, the place of the famous "poetry contest" between Huineng and Shenxiu. Return for overnight at Sizu.
Nov 7: Coach to Nanchang City. Flight from Nanchang to Zhengzhou City. Transfer to Dengfeng City near Shaolin Temple. Overnight at Dengfeng.
Nov 8: Shaolin Temple. Visit with the abbot Shi Yongxin. Visit the Bodhidharma cave. Overnight again at Dengfeng.
Nov 9: Coach to the Longmen Grottos, a world UNESCO site. Afternoon visit to White Horse Temple (Baima Si), the place where legend says Buddhism arrived in China. Proceed to Sanmenxia City. Evening banquet at Sanmenxia with Bodhidharma conference participants. Overnight at Sanmenxia.
Nov 10 Participate with Chinese Chan Buddhists at celebration of Bodhidharma's memorial at Empty Form Temple. Afternoon coach to Zhengzhou City. Night train to Shanghai.
Buddhist caves of Jaghuri and Qarabagh-e Ghazni, Afghanistan
65.00EUR
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Giovanni Verardi and Elio Paparatti; with an appendix by Minoru Inaba
Buddhist caves of Jaghuri and Qarabagh-e Ghazni, Afghanistan
Roma, 2004
Series: Reports and memoirs, New Series, II
Description: 118 p., [58] p. of pls. : ill. ; 30 cm.
Language: english
ISBN: 8885320228
Contents:
Foreword (by Giovanni Verardi), p. 7
Transliterations and Transcriptions, p. 9
Maps, p. 11
1. THE GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING, p. 13
2. THE CAVES, p. 19
General Observations, p. 19
The Caves to the East of Mount Dehbaday, p. 27
1. Nay Qal‘a, p. 27 http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AF/08/Nayqalah.html
2. Homay Qal‘a, p. 37 http://???
The Caves of the Upper Arghandab Valley, p. 43
The Caves along the Tayna Tangi/Darya-ye Gawargin, p. 43
3. Tapa Sanawbar, p. 43 http://???
4. Shah Khwaja, p. 47 http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AF/08/Shah_Khvajeh.html
5. Ghar-e Shaki Noka, p. 47
6. Gawargin, p. 49
7. Koh-e El, p. 53
8. Ghar-e Shah, p. 56
The Caves along the Qol-e Kariz in the Nawaye Khodaydad, p. 61
9. Sangdara, p. 62
10. Tapa Hesar and Bala Khana, p. 65
11. Bayak and Lala Khel, p. 68
The Caves along the Darya-ye Alwada and beyond, p. 69
12. Qarya-ye Baba Kamal, p. 70
13. Tapa Zaytun, p. 73
Excursus: Cave 2 at Haybak, p. 87
14. Shotor Ghar and Top-e Ahangaran, p. 89
3. THE HISTORICAL SETTING, p. 91
To the West of Ghazni: The Archaeological Data, p. 91
Caojuzha/Zabulistan and Jaghuri, p. 94
Fulishisatangna/Wujiristan, p. 97
The Buddhist Kingdom of Zabul, p. 97
Buddhist and tirthikas, p. 100
4. TENTATIVE CHRONOLOGY, p. 103
APPENDIX: Nay Qal‘a, Wujiristan and the Khalaj (by Minoru Inaba), p. 105
References, p. 109
Index, p. 113
Plates, p. 119
http://www.shop.isiao.it/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=1_4_6&products_id=16&language=en
http://huntingtonarchive.osu.edu/resources/maps/fullSize/gandhara.jpg
Javanese candi list
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:SatuSuro/Candi_List
Sutrenübersetzer (China)
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutrenübersetzer_(China)
"Charles Masson’s sketch of his excavated finds from the relic deposits of the Buddhist stupas Kotpur 2, Bimaran 2, Gudara, Deh Rahman 1 (“Tope Abbee”) and Passani tumulus 2 in the Darunta district, east of Jalalabad."
http://www.iias.nl/nl/27/IIAS_NL27_0910.pdf
In: Nawabganj_District, BD
Naoda Stupa (Buddhist monument),
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawabganj_District#Other_places_of_interest
Buddhist sites in Andhra Pradesh
(incl. Bavikonda, Chandavaram, Dantapuram, Dharapalem, Dhulikatta, Dupadu, Erravaram, Adurru, Kesanapally , Gajulabanda, Gopalpatnam, Kotilingala, Majeru, Nandalur, Nelakondapalle (Khammam Dist.), Pavurallakonda, Peddabankur, Phanigiri, Thotlakonda)
http://museums.ap.nic.in/b-sites.htm
Vajrayana Buddhism in Southeast Asia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vajrayana_Buddhism_in_Southeast_Asia
"the famous 7th-century Chinese pilgrim Hsüan-tsang, who observed a large number of stupas in the Asokan style in the northwest, e.g., three at Taksáhila (Taxila), two in Uddiyana, five in Gandhara, three near Nagarahara (Jalalabad), dozens in Jaguda (near Qandahar), and even one at Kapisi (Begram)." - Emeric (n.d.)
Standing Bodhisattva - Pakistan, Gandhâra art, Shahbaz-Garhi
Kushan period (1st-3rd century)
http://www.guimet.fr/spip.php?page=mot&id_mot=230&id_article=103
See also
http://www.cambodianview.com/buddhist-history.htm
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