Raw data
"The monastic complex is situated halfway along the road from Kabul to Kandahar. This site had the ruins of the ancient town as well as a number of Buddhist stupas and caves. Among the remains atop the broad plateau are such Buddhist temples sites as Tapa-Kalan, Tapa-i-Kafariha, Bagh-gai, Chakhil-i-Gundi, deh-Ghundi and Gar-Nao." Bopearachchi (2002).
"084. Hadda
Variant Names (includes): Bagh Gai, Deh Ghundi, Gar Nau, Tepe Kafiriha, Tepe Kalan, Tepe Shutur and Tepe Zargaran.
Ningrahar Province. Nine kilometers by road south of Jalalabad
Dates: Kushan-Sassanian, 1st-7th century AD (numismatic, stylistic, epigraphic, documentary evidence)
An extensive area of stupas, monasteries and artificial caves covering approximately 15 square kilometers. All of the sites are stupa-monastery complexes, often with more than one main stupa and always with many votive stupas. […]
Some of the caves are decorated. Near Tepe Zargaran there is a series of domed caves, some of which have stucco decoration and frescos, and containing many sculptural fragments. […]
Lat […] 34.36667 Long […] 70.46667 "
- DoDLRMP and CEMML (2010:#084 Hadda)
Jalalabad, Afghanistan Page
Other names: Djelalabad, Dzhelalabad, Jalālābād, Jalakot,Jalal-Kut, Tarun City, Jalālkot, Jelalabad, Jalalkot, Jalalkoat
World:Afghanistan:Velayat-e Nangarhar
Lat 34.4261 Long 70.4514
http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AF/18/Jalalabad.html
Adah, Afghanistan Page
Other names: Ada
World:Afghanistan:Velayat-e Nangarhar
Lat 34.3600 Long 70.4717
http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AF/18/Adah.html
"During the second phase (1926-40) full-scale excavations were undertaken: Barthoux at Hadda (1926-28), where eight monasteries, 500 stupas an approximately 15,000 sculptures and fragments were recorded (only 3,000 of the latter reached Kabul, due to opposition from local inhabitants and mullas; see Barthoux, MDAFA, 1933; half of those initial finds were sent to France, and the other half were placed in the Kabul Museum, where they suffered damage during a local revolt in 1929."
http://www.cemml.colostate.edu/cultural/09476/afgh03enl.html
Fa-hsien visited Hadda (called by him Hi-lo), where he found a vihara. (Litvinskii et al. 1996:168)
"Hadda (ancient Nagarahara), near modern Jalalabad, was the site of one of the largest Buddhist centers in Afghanistan, and as such was visited and described by the Chinese pilgrims (such as Fa-hsien [ca. 337-ca. 422] and Hsüan-tsang [602-64]). There an area of about 15 km2 remains covered with traces of numerous monasteries (Bagh Gai, Deh Ghundi, Tepe Kafiriha, Tepe Kalan, Tepe Shutur, Gan Nao, and others), large and small s, sanctuaries, and artificial caves." - Melikian-Chirvani (n.d.).
Afghanistan, Hadda site, Tapa-kalan Monastery 4th-5th century
http://www.guimet.fr/spip.php?page=mot&id_mot=230&id_article=103
"Haḍḍa (ancient Nagarāhāra), near modern Jalālābād, was the site of one of the largest Buddhist centers in Afghanistan, and as such was visited and described by the Chinese pilgrims (such as Fa-hsien [ca. 337-ca. 422] and Hsüan-tsang [602-64]). There an area of about 15 km² remains covered with traces of numerous monasteries (Bāgh Gai, Deh Ghundi, Tepe Kāfirihā, Tepe Kalān, Tepe Shutur, Gan Nao, and others), large and small stūpas, sanctuaries, and artificial caves. The monasteries had square or rectangular courts surrounded by sanctuaries, cells, community halls, and other buildings. The center was occupied by a large stūpa and several small ones. Sometimes there were two courts, one lined with cells, the other with small sanctuaries. Next to the monasteries and between them there were numerous stūpas, caityas, and sculptures. The stūpas (there were over 500 of them) stood on multi-tier foundations with rich stucco or (rarely) stone decorative relief, architectural details including cornices, Corinthian columns, arches, etc., and rows of sculptural figures (sitting and standing Buddhas, other Buddhist and secular personages). The vihāras were similarly decorated. The art of Haḍḍa constitutes a special school of Gandhāran art, more free, more expressive and realistic than the art of the Gandhāra region." Litvinsky (2010).
Input by: tmciolek, Jul 8, 2010
Final data (and their sources)
Lat/Long coordinates' accuracy:
The monastery in question is assumed to be situated actually no farther than 2 km from the point defined by the coordinates below.
General location of the Hadda monastic cluster, AF.
Lat 34.36667 Long 70.46667
Mapping & images: Falling Rain Genomics (http://www.fallingrain.com), 2010.
Google Map link:
Final data - explanatory notes
1. Monastery's name
- Hadda monastic cluster
2. Monastery's modern country & province
- Afghanistan:Velayat-e Nangarhar
3. Monastery's alternative/historical names
- Hi-lo - (Litvinskii et al. 1996:168)
- Nagarahara - Melikian-Chirvani (n.d.).
4. Monastery's lat/long coordinates
- Approx., Lat 34.36667 Long 70.46667 - DoDLRMP and CEMML (2010:#084 Hadda)
5. Other known nearby Buddhist monasteries
- Tep Shotor monastery
- Chakhil-i-Ghoundi monastery
- Ahin Push Tepe monastery
6. Modern name of the known nearest city, town, or village
7. The settlement's alternative/historical names
- Hadda - Bopearachchi (2002)
- Ada - http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AF/18/Adah.html
8. The settlement's coordinates
- Exactly, Lat 34.3600 Long 70.4717 - http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AF/18/Adah.html
9. Monastery's major Buddhist tradition
- Hadda was a center of Hinayana - Anonymous (1997).
10. Monastery's Buddhist sub-tradition
[missing data]
11. Date-early
[missing data]
12. Date-intermediate
[missing data]
13. Date-late
[missing data]
14. Details of contacts with other monasteries
- The Hadda cluster of monasteries (sites include Sotorak, Qal'a-ye Nader, Top Dara, and Paitava" were decorated with sculptures analogous to those from the Kapisa cluster - Melikian-Chirvani (n.d.)
15. Type of evidence regarding the monastery
- archaeological, numismatic, stylistic, epigraphic, documentary evidence, pilgrim accounts
16. Additional notes
- Eight monasteries, 500 stupas - http://www.cemml.colostate.edu/cultural/09476/afgh03enl.html
17. Corrections & addenda to this page were kindly provided by
[missing data]
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