Raw data
"Great Temple with low reliefs B, monastery of Toqquz-sarai. Clay. Fourth-fifth century AD"
(Gaulier et al. 1976:21)
"Bodhisattva head - Xingjiang province, Tumshuq, Toqquz Sarai monastery, 6th-7th century […]
This type of bodhisattva head may be considered to have belonged to a group of religious statues framing Buddha whose head has been discovered. The vestiges of three plinths substantiate the hypothesis of a triad. The piece comes from the Toqquz Sarai monastery in Xinjiang, the major Western Serindian Buddhist center in the kingdom of Kucha on the Northern Silk Road. From the 1st century CE, Buddhist missionaries traveled along these trade routes converting the Indo-European peoples of the Tarim Basin and bringing with them Greco-Buddhist art."
http://www.guimet.fr/Bodhisattva-head,103
"A Tibetan text records how the king of Khotan converted the king of Kashgar to Buddhism (Emmerick, 1967, pp. 45ff.), but the Hinayana was mainly followed there, which suggests that its subsequent links were rather with the cities of the north. Such was the case also with Tumshuq, whose Buddhist monastery is thought to date from the 4th or 5th century a.d. (Hambis, 1964, p. 43; Pelliot, 1923, p. 59). We know nothing of its history, but the style of its artistic remains shows strong links with Qızıl in the Kuca region." [Cited literature: R. E. Emmerick, Tibetan Texts Concerning Khotan, London, 1967. L. Hambis, “Asia: Central,” in Encyclopaedia of World Art I, cols. 815-38. P. Pelliot, review of A. von Le Coq, Die buddhistische Spätantike in Mittel Asien, pt. 1, Berlin, 1922, in T’oung pao 22, 1923, pp. 57-59.] - Emeric (n.d.)
"Tumxuk or Tumushuke (Chinese: 图木舒克, Pinyin: Túmùshūkè; Uyghur: تۇمشۇق, Tumushuq?, Tumxuk̡?; also known as Tumushuk, Tumshuq, etc.) […] Lat 41.366667 Long 79.966667"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumxuk
"Tumshuq, Toqquz-sarai, Large temple B. 6th-beg. of 7th c. CE."
http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/museums/mg/tumshuq.html
Input by: tmciolek, Sep 1, 2010
Final data (and their sources)
Last updated: 21 Jul 2014
Lat/Long coordinates' accuracy:
The monastery in question is assumed to be situated actually no farther than 20 km from the point defined by the coordinates below.
General location of the Toqquz-sarai monastery, CN.
Lat 41.366667 Long 79.966667
Mapping & images: Falling Rain Genomics (http://www.fallingrain.com), 2010.
Google Map link:
Final data - explanatory notes
1. Monastery's name
- Toqquz-sarai monastery (Gaulier et al. 1976:21)
2. Monastery's modern country & province
- China:Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu
3. Monastery's alternative/historical names
- Tumshuq monastery - Emeric (n.d.)
4. Monastery's lat/long coordinates
- Approx., Lat 41.366667 Long 79.966667 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumxuk
5. Other known nearby Buddhist monasteries
- [missing data]
6. Modern name of the known nearest city, town, or village
7. The settlement's alternative/historical names
- Тумшуқ - http://www.fallingrain.com/world/CH/13/Tumxuk.html
- T’u-mu-hsiu-k’o - http://www.fallingrain.com/world/CH/13/Tumxuk.html
- T'u-mu-hsiu-k'o - http://www.fallingrain.com/world/CH/13/Tumxuk.html
- Tumshuq - http://www.fallingrain.com/world/CH/13/Tumxuk.html
8. The settlement's coordinates
- Approx., Lat 41.3686 Long 79.9628 - http://www.fallingrain.com/world/CH/13/Tumxuk.html
- Approx., Lat 41.366667 Long 79.966667 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumxuk
9. Monastery's major Buddhist tradition
- Theravada - Emeric (n.d.)
10. Monastery's Buddhist sub-tradition
- [missing data]
11. Date-early
- 4th or 5th century CE (Hambis, 1964, p. 43; Pelliot, 1923, p. 59). We know nothing of its history, but the style of its artistic remains shows strong links with Qızıl in the Kuca region." [Cited literature: L. Hambis, “Asia: Central,” in Encyclopaedia of World Art I, cols. 815-38. P. Pelliot, review of A. von Le Coq, Die buddhistische Spätantike in Mittel Asien, pt. 1, Berlin, 1922, in T’oung pao 22, 1923, pp. 57-59.] - cited in Emeric (n.d.)
- 4th - 5th century CE - (Gaulier et al. 1976:21)
MBM chrono-tag 0333-66p 0367-99p 0400-32p 0433-66p - tmciolek 21 Jul 2014
0300-32p 0333-66p 0367-99p 0400-32p 0433-66p 0467-99p 0500-32p 0533-66p 0567-99p 0600-32p dated-ex
12. Date-intermediate
- 6th - 7th century CE - http://www.guimet.fr/Bodhisattva-head,103
- 6th - beginning of 7th c. CE. - http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/museums/mg/tumshuq.html
MBM chrono-tag 0500-32p 0533-66p 0567-99p 0600-32p - tmciolek 21 Jul 2014
13. Date-late
- [missing data]
14. Details of contacts with other monasteries
- Strong stylistic affinities with Qizil in the Kuca region. - Emeric (n.d.)
15. Type of evidence regarding the monastery
- Archaeological, art history
16. Additional notes
- [missing data] (incl. details of the size of the monastic population)
17. Corrections & addenda to this page were kindly provided by
- [missing data]
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